Airplane-Aided Integrated Next-Generation Networking

A high-rate yet low-cost air-to-ground (A2G) communication backbone is conceived for integrating the space and terrestrial network by harnessing opportunistic assistance of passenger planes or high altitude platforms (HAPs) as mobile base stations (BSs) millimetre wave communication. The airliners act network-provider users while relying on satellite backhaul. Three different beamforming techniques a large-scale planar array are used transmission airliner/HAP achieving directional gain, hence minimizing interference among users. Furthermore, approximate spectral efficiency (SE) area (ASE) expressions derived quantified diverse system parameters.